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mission:tech:odyssey [2014-12-22 10:27] – [Solar] chronomission:tech:odyssey [2016-08-09 19:17] (current) – Updated VFCC links chrono
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 | 4 | Control Units (PDU, SKU, MCU) |:::| | 4 | Control Units (PDU, SKU, MCU) |:::|
 | 5 | Driver Seat Electronics |:::| | 5 | Driver Seat Electronics |:::|
- 
- 
-The bulk of onboard systems is modularized into several units which reside in a half 19" 3HE rack, using common DIN-EN/IEC 60603-2C connectors for in system power and signal distribution.  
- 
-Each unit also carries a Dallas 18S20 digital temperature sensor, connected to the SKU's 1-Wire Bus for centralized temperature monitoring and to identify each module, since each sensor has a unique ID. That makes it possible to let the SKU know, which modules are present. 
- 
-To reduce fuel consumption, all subsystems are powered by the secondary battery in order to minimize the power demand of the alternator on the primary engine. 
-==== Power Distribution Unit (PDU)==== 
- 
-A flexible configuration is only as good as the least flexible part of the chain. In order to keep future changes in mind, the system had to have a central power distribution unit and highly-efficient subsystem voltage converters. The PDU also acts as a monitoring device for the SKU on all relevant power in/outlet buses. 
-See the [[mission:tech:odyssey:pdu]] page for more details. 
-==== Station Keeping Unit (SKU) ==== 
- 
-The purpose of the SKU is to monitor, analyze and control all of Odyssey's subsystems as well as to provide basic system features (i.e. GPS, Time, Networking, System-Watchdogs). It will also monitor and record habitual & mobile environmental (external/internal) sensor data, develop power consumption profiles to recommend either a change in power usage behaviour or a change in power harvesting methods to maximize efficiency.  
-Read more on the [[mission:tech:odyssey:sku]] page. 
-==== Main Computing Unit (MCU) ==== 
- 
- 
- 
-=== User Interface === 
- 
- 
-==== Multimedia ==== 
- 
-One of the bigger challenges in terms of power budget was the audio system. Having the ability to listen to music or other audio material seemed kind of essentiell and almost all current implementations of pre-amp/amp designs (Class A,B,A/B or D) were undesirable either due to power or audiophile constraints - they either drew too much power or the sound quality was totally inacceptable or both. 
- 
-More details on the [[mission:tech:odyssey:audio]] page. 
- 
- 
- 
-==== Navigation ==== 
- 
-  * Navit 
-  * Front Display 
- 
- 
-==== Networking & Communication ==== 
- 
-=== LAN === 
- 
-== D-Link DGS-1008D G3 Gigabit-Ethernet Switch == 
- 
-  * 8 1GB ethnernet ports 
-  * Very low power consumption 
- 
-=== WLAN === 
- 
-== Fonera == 
- 
-== WRT54GL == 
- 
-=== WAN === 
- 
-== Fonera == 
- 
-== UMTS/LTE == 
- 
- 
-=== VoIP === 
- 
-== Phillips V6500 VoIP WLAN Phone == 
- 
-=== VHF/UHF === 
- 
-== ICOM PCR-1000 == 
-== ICOM IC-E92D == 
-== HIQSDR == 
-==== Antennae ==== 
- 
-=== Hirschmann GPS 2400 Cellular === 
- 
-Combined roof-mount antenna  
- 
-{{:mission:tech:gps_2400_cellular.jpg?190 }} 
-{{:mission:tech:zgps2400cellular_fme_0711.jpg?180 }} 
- 
-~~CL~~ 
-\\ 
- 
-  * GPS 
-  * GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900 
-  * UMTS/LTE 
-  * WLAN 
  
  
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 Rational thinking will ultimately come to the conclusion, that increasing efficiency and diversity is not going to be enough to keep a fully self-sustainable and autonomous state. Therefore, all power consuming use cases and their underlying technology, have to be constantly monitored by the SKU and optimized to fit into the conservative power budget of 50W maximum consumption for 10 hours per day (500Wh/day). Rational thinking will ultimately come to the conclusion, that increasing efficiency and diversity is not going to be enough to keep a fully self-sustainable and autonomous state. Therefore, all power consuming use cases and their underlying technology, have to be constantly monitored by the SKU and optimized to fit into the conservative power budget of 50W maximum consumption for 10 hours per day (500Wh/day).
  
-Modern technology like LED's, embedded SoC devices and highly efficient switch-mode power supplies make this possible and have been developed/tested for the last 12 month.+Modern technologies like LED's, embedded SoC devices and highly efficient switch-mode power supplies make this possible and are being continously evolved and tested.
  
 ==== Solar ==== ==== Solar ====
  
-Since solar power is the primary energy source of the Odyssey, the primary design considerations have been efficiency and reliability. The biggest challenge was to find solar panels with at least 20% efficiency that actually would physically fit on the constrained roof space of the Odyssey. +Since solar power is the primary energy source of the Odyssey, the primary design considerations have been efficiency and reliability. Although there seem to be [[https://apollo.open-resource.org/mission:log:2014:11:28:using-nanopatterns-from-blu-ray-discs-to-boost-pv-solar-conversion-efficiency|advances in solar technology]], biggest challenge was to find solar panels with at least 20% conversion efficiency that actually would physically fit on the constrained roof space of the Odyssey. After a long and thorough market analysis, the following components have been selected and obtained to supply the Odyssey with solar energy.
- +
-It seems that these days, most panels are produced in a very limited subset of available sizes, streamlined for the grid-feed solar market, which are too long to be mounted on the roof of a regular vehicle and would stand over the sides. The supply market for grid-feeding solar systems is huge but there are only a few (mostly smaller) companies offering off-grid solutions. After a long and thorough market analysis, the following components have been selected and matched to supply the Odyssey with solar energy.+
  
 === Panels ===  === Panels === 
 +
 +It seems that these days, most panels are produced in a very limited subset of available sizes, streamlined for the grid-feed solar market, which are too long to be mounted on the roof of a regular vehicle and would stand over the sides. The supply market for grid-feeding solar systems is huge but there are only a few (mostly smaller) companies offering off-grid solutions. 
  
 ** Mobile Technology MT-ST110 ** ** Mobile Technology MT-ST110 **
  
 ^ Parameter ^ Single Panel ^ Combined ^ ^ Parameter ^ Single Panel ^ Combined ^
-| Nominal Peak Power @ 1kW/m² RSO (25°C) | 110 Wp | 330 Wp |+| Nominal Peak Power @ 1 kW/m² RSO (25°C) | 110 Wp | 330 Wp |
 | Efficiency | 20% || | Efficiency | 20% ||
 | Short-circuit current| 6.1 A | 18.3 A | | Short-circuit current| 6.1 A | 18.3 A |
Line 149: Line 66:
 | Source | [[http://www.buettner-elektronik.de/|Büttner Elektronik]] || | Source | [[http://www.buettner-elektronik.de/|Büttner Elektronik]] ||
  
-<WRAP round tip>The panel's surface is a little bit larger than the actual cell surface. The following calculations were based on a combined photo-active area of 1404x1404 mm, by measuring and multiplying the size of a single cell. +** Calculations & Simulation **
-</WRAP>+
  
-<x 14>1404*1404 = 1.971 m²</x>+The panel's surface is a little bit larger than the actual cell surface. The following calculations were based on a combined photo-active area of about 1.825 m², by measuring and multiplying the size of a single cell.
  
-Assuming a maximum of 800W of energy per m<sup>2</sup> delivered by the sun on the planet's surface, the Odyssey's available combined photo-active roof surface (1.971 m²) can theoretically receive a maximum of 1577 W<sub>p</sub> (Watt Peak), in peak sunlight: +<x 14>0.13*0.13*108 = 1.825 m²</x>
  
-<x 14>1.971*800=1577 Wp</x>+Assuming a maximum of 1000W of energy per m<sup>2</sup> delivered by the sun on the planet's surface, the Odyssey's available combined photo-active roof surface (1.825 m²) can theoretically receive a maximum of 1825 W<sub>p</sub> (Watt Peak), in peak sunlight: 
  
-In peak sunlight, the Odyssey will receive about 1.5 kW of solar energy on all cells. The conversion efficiency for these modules is rated at 20% by the manufacturer. Knowing that, it's possible to calculate the maximum amount of power the Odyssey can harvest with her finite roof-space at 20% module efficiency. Of course, the cell efficiency will be slightly higher:+<x 14>1.825*1000=1825 Wp</x>
  
-<x 14>1.971*800*0.2 = 315 Wp</x>+In mid-summer at peak sunlight (1000W/m² Global Solar Radaition), the Odyssey will receive about 1.8 kW of solar energy on all cells. The conversion efficiency for these modules is rated at 20% by the manufacturer. Knowing that, it's possible to calculate the maximum amount of power the Odyssey can harvest with her finite roof-space at 20% module efficiency. Of course, the cell efficiency will be slightly higher:
  
-Now for the sake of going through it, lets further assume a luxuriously sunny, clear-sky day and the opportunity to harvest 4 hours at maximum peak output, the solar power-budget will accumulate about 1260 Wh (95 Ah).+<x 14>1825*0.2 = 365 Wp</x>
  
-<x 14>315 * 4 = 1260 Wh \approx 95 Ah</x>+Now for the sake of going through it, lets further assume a luxuriously sunny, clear-sky day and the opportunity to harvest 4 hours at maximum peak output, the solar power-budget will accumulate about 1460 Wh (110 Ah).
  
-Although the panels will not stop converting energy after the peak four hours, the current will probably drop soon enough. As of now there is no data to conclude anything. +<x 14>365 * 4 = 1460 Wh \approx 110 Ah</x> 
 + 
 +Although the panels will not stop converting energy after the peak four hours, the current will probably drop soon enough. As of now there is still not enough data to conclude anything but simulations with the [[lab:ucsspm|UCSSPM]] in the [[https://apollo.open-resource.org/flight-control/vfcc/|VFCC]] are helping to get an [[https://apollo.open-resource.org/flight-control/vfcc/dashboard/db/odyssey-solar-power|estimation]]. 
 + 
 +{{:lab:ucsspm-test-dashboard.jpg|Odyssey solar metrics on VFCC dashboard}}
  
 === Solar Charging Controller with MPPT === === Solar Charging Controller with MPPT ===
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   * Smart Grid Controller Module (SGC)   * Smart Grid Controller Module (SGC)
   * Votronic PB 1240 SMT 3B charge controller   * Votronic PB 1240 SMT 3B charge controller
 +
 +The bulk of onboard systems is modularized into several units which reside in a half 19" 3HE rack, using common DIN-EN/IEC 60603-2C connectors for in system power and signal distribution. 
 +
 +Each unit also carries a Dallas 18S20 digital temperature sensor, connected to the SKU's 1-Wire Bus for centralized temperature monitoring and to identify each module, since each sensor has a unique ID. That makes it possible to let the SKU know, which modules are present.
 +
 +To reduce fuel consumption, all subsystems are powered by the secondary battery in order to minimize the power demand of the alternator on the primary engine.
 +
 +===== Modules =====
 +
 +==== Power Distribution Unit (PDU)====
 +
 +A flexible configuration is only as good as the least flexible part of the chain. In order to keep future changes in mind, the system had to have a central power distribution unit and highly-efficient subsystem voltage converters. The PDU also acts as a monitoring device for the SKU on all relevant power in/outlet buses.
 +See the [[mission:tech:odyssey:pdu]] page for more details.
 +==== Station Keeping Unit (SKU) ====
 +
 +The purpose of the SKU is to monitor, analyze and control all of Odyssey's subsystems as well as to provide basic system features (i.e. GPS, Time, Networking, System-Watchdogs). It will also monitor and record habitual & mobile environmental (external/internal) sensor data, develop power consumption profiles to recommend either a change in power usage behaviour or a change in power harvesting methods to maximize efficiency. 
 +Read more on the [[mission:tech:odyssey:sku]] page.
 +
 +==== Main Computing Unit (MCU) ====
 +
 +
 +
 +=== User Interface ===
 +
 +
 +==== Multimedia ====
 +
 +One of the bigger challenges in terms of power budget was the audio system. Having the ability to listen to music or other audio material seemed kind of essentiell and almost all current implementations of pre-amp/amp designs (Class A,B,A/B or D) were undesirable either due to power or audiophile constraints - they either drew too much power or the sound quality was totally inacceptable or both.
 +
 +More details on the [[mission:tech:odyssey:audio]] page.
 +
 +
 +
 +==== Navigation ====
 +
 +  * Navit
 +  * Front Display
 +
 +
 +==== Networking & Communication ====
 +
 +=== LAN ===
 +
 +== D-Link DGS-1008D G3 Gigabit-Ethernet Switch ==
 +
 +  * 8 1GB ethnernet ports
 +  * Very low power consumption
 +
 +=== WLAN ===
 +
 +== Fonera ==
 +
 +== WRT54GL ==
 +
 +=== WAN ===
 +
 +== Fonera ==
 +
 +== UMTS/LTE ==
 +
 +
 +=== VoIP ===
 +
 +== Phillips V6500 VoIP WLAN Phone ==
 +
 +=== VHF/UHF ===
 +
 +== ICOM PCR-1000 ==
 +== ICOM IC-E92D ==
 +== HIQSDR ==
 +==== Antennae ====
 +
 +=== Hirschmann GPS 2400 Cellular ===
 +
 +Combined roof-mount antenna 
 +
 +{{:mission:tech:gps_2400_cellular.jpg?190 }}
 +{{:mission:tech:zgps2400cellular_fme_0711.jpg?180 }}
 +
 +~~CL~~
 +\\
 +
 +  * GPS
 +  * GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900
 +  * UMTS/LTE
 +  * WLAN
 +
 +
 +
  
  
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