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--- mission:tech:odyssey [2013-05-12 16:41] – [On-Board Systems] chrono
+++ mission:tech:odyssey [2016-08-09 19:17] (current) – Updated VFCC links chrono
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ~~NOCACHE~~
-{{:mission:tech:odyssey:odyssey-outdoor-640p.webm|}}
+{{mission:tech:odyssey:odyssey-outdoor-640p.webm|}}
 ==== Vehicle Specifications ====
-^  Attribute  ^  Value  ^  Schematics  ^
+^ Attribute  ^ Value  ^  Schematics  ^
 | **Model**| V 220 CDI| {{:mission:tech:odyssey-specs.png|}} |
 | **Motor**| OM 611 DE 22 LA |:::|
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ===== On-Board Systems =====
-^  Attribute  ^  Value  ^  Schematics  ^
 | 1 | Passenger Seat Eletronics | {{ :mission:tech:odyssey-interior.png }} |
 | 2 | Battery + Charging EQ |:::|
@@ Line 34: / Line 30: @@
 | 5 | Driver Seat Electronics |:::|
+===== Energy =====
+Apollo-NG is designed to operate fully autonomous and self-sustainable in its function as a Hackerspace and also as habitat for crew and joining hackers. Each module (CM/LM) must be able to sustain and support itself and both modules are designed to share and work together when combined to increase efficiency and redundancy.
+In order to reduce the risk of power unavailability and to inspire research on different energy conversion techniques it seemed reasonable to diversify:
+  * Base-level energy support is covered by solar-panels (PV), since they are always ready to operate, as long as the sun is shining.
+  * Using [[lab:helios]] to provide additional power by burning available biomass
+  * Using TEG's on the vehicles exhaust system for solid-state heat->electrical conversion
+Rational thinking will ultimately come to the conclusion, that increasing efficiency and diversity is not going to be enough to keep a fully self-sustainable and autonomous state. Therefore, all power consuming use cases and their underlying technology, have to be constantly monitored by the SKU and optimized to fit into the conservative power budget of 50W maximum consumption for 10 hours per day (500Wh/day).
+Modern technologies like LED's, embedded SoC devices and highly efficient switch-mode power supplies make this possible and are being continously evolved and tested.
+==== Solar ====
+Since solar power is the primary energy source of the Odyssey, the primary design considerations have been efficiency and reliability. Although there seem to be [[https://apollo.open-resource.org/mission:log:2014:11:28:using-nanopatterns-from-blu-ray-discs-to-boost-pv-solar-conversion-efficiency|advances in solar technology]], biggest challenge was to find solar panels with at least 20% conversion efficiency that actually would physically fit on the constrained roof space of the Odyssey. After a long and thorough market analysis, the following components have been selected and obtained to supply the Odyssey with solar energy.
+=== Panels ===
+It seems that these days, most panels are produced in a very limited subset of available sizes, streamlined for the grid-feed solar market, which are too long to be mounted on the roof of a regular vehicle and would stand over the sides. The supply market for grid-feeding solar systems is huge but there are only a few (mostly smaller) companies offering off-grid solutions.
+** Mobile Technology MT-ST110 **
+^ Parameter ^ Single Panel ^ Combined ^
+| Nominal Peak Power @ 1 kW/m² RSO (25°C) | 110 Wp | 330 Wp |
+| Efficiency | 20% ||
+| Short-circuit current| 6.1 A | 18.3 A |
+| Idle-Voltage | 22 V | 22 V |
+| Cells | 36 Mono | 108 Mono |
+| Cell-Size | 13x13 cm ||
+| Panel-Size | 125x55x3.3 cm ||
+| Weight | 8.3 KG | 24.9 KG |
+| Source | [[http://www.buettner-elektronik.de/|Büttner Elektronik]] ||
+** Calculations & Simulation **
+The panel's surface is a little bit larger than the actual cell surface. The following calculations were based on a combined photo-active area of about 1.825 m², by measuring and multiplying the size of a single cell.
+<x 14>0.13*0.13*108 = 1.825 m²</x>
+Assuming a maximum of 1000W of energy per m<sup>2</sup> delivered by the sun on the planet's surface, the Odyssey's available combined photo-active roof surface (1.825 m²) can theoretically receive a maximum of 1825 W<sub>p</sub> (Watt Peak), in peak sunlight:
+<x 14>1.825*1000=1825 Wp</x>
+In mid-summer at peak sunlight (1000W/m² Global Solar Radaition), the Odyssey will receive about 1.8 kW of solar energy on all cells. The conversion efficiency for these modules is rated at 20% by the manufacturer. Knowing that, it's possible to calculate the maximum amount of power the Odyssey can harvest with her finite roof-space at 20% module efficiency. Of course, the cell efficiency will be slightly higher:
+<x 14>1825*0.2 = 365 Wp</x>
+Now for the sake of going through it, lets further assume a luxuriously sunny, clear-sky day and the opportunity to harvest 4 hours at maximum peak output, the solar power-budget will accumulate about 1460 Wh (110 Ah).
+<x 14>365 * 4 = 1460 Wh \approx 110 Ah</x>
+Although the panels will not stop converting energy after the peak four hours, the current will probably drop soon enough. As of now there is still not enough data to conclude anything but simulations with the [[lab:ucsspm|UCSSPM]] in the [[https://apollo.open-resource.org/flight-control/vfcc/|VFCC]] are helping to get an [[https://apollo.open-resource.org/flight-control/vfcc/dashboard/db/odyssey-solar-power|estimation]].
+{{:lab:ucsspm-test-dashboard.jpg|Odyssey solar metrics on VFCC dashboard}}
+=== Solar Charging Controller with MPPT ===
+**Votronic MPP 420 Duo Digital**
+{{ :mission:tech:mpp-420-duo-solar-charge-controller.jpg?200 |}}
+^ Parameter ^ Value ^
+| Nominal Operating Voltage (AC) in [V]	| 12 |
+| Capacity Solar Module max. [Wp] | 420 |
+| Current Solar Module max. [A] | 25.0 |
+| Voltage Solar Module max. [V]	| 50 |
+| Charging Current Batt. I / II max. [A] | 32.0 / 1.0 |
+| Characteristic Line of Charging | **IU1oU2** |
+| Battery Type adjustable | **Acid/Lead-Acid, Gel, AGM** |
+| Current Consumption Stand-by in [A] | **0.0045** |
+| Overcharge Protection | yes |
+| Reverse Current Protection (during the night) | yes |
+| On-board mains suppression filter | yes |
+| Number of Charging Ports | 2 |
+| Protection against Overload, Overtemperature, Short-circuit | yes |
+| Connection for Temperature Sensor | yes |
+| Compensation of voltage loss on charging cables | yes |
+| Connection for LCD-Solar-Computer | **yes** |
+| Temperature Range [°C] | -20 to +45 |
+| Dimensions (WxDxH) in [mm] | 160 x 71 x 100 |
+| Weight in [g] | 680 |
+http://votronic.de/index.php/en/products2/solar-technology/charging-controllers/standard-version-mpp/mpp-420-duo-dig
+==== Biomass ====
+Real-World prototyping and testing of [[lab:helios]]
+==== Excess Heat ====
+A good way to harvest additional power to charge the battery would be to add TEG's to Odyssey's primary engine exhaust system, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of burning fuel without the need to burn even more fuel in contrast to harvesting power from the alternator.
+==== Alternator ====
+In emergency situations or other irregular energy shortages a boost converter can charge the battery by harvesting power from the Odysseys's alternator. As this will increase the fuel consumption of the vehicle, it's only going to be used when absolutely necessary, i.e. when the battery is empty and the Odyssey is moving at night (no solar power).
+The SKU will use navigation system data to predict how much driving time is needed to re-charge the battery to be operational on arrival and will then recommend to use the Votronic VCC 1212-25 IU boost converter to charge the battery, trying to balance the increased cost of fuel consumption.
+| Charging Capacity in [V]/[A] | 12/25 |
+| Max. Current in [A] | 40 |
+| Input Voltage in [V] | 11 - 16 |
+| Battery Type adjustable | lead-acid, lead-gel or lead-AGM1 / AGM2 |
+| Nominal Battery voltage IN in [V] | 12 |
+| Battery Capacity IN in [Ah] | 60 |
+| Power Consumption IN (AC) in max. [W]	| 480 |
+| Nominal Battery voltage OUT in [V] | 12 |
+| Battery Capacity OUT in [Ah] | 50-200 |
+| Characteristic Line of Charging | IU1oU2 |
+| Overvoltage Disconnection | yes |
+| Ripple Factor Voltage in [mV] rms | <30 |
+| Dimensions (WxDxH) in [mm] | 160 x 71 x 245 |
+| Weight in [g]	| 1450 |
+http://votronic.de/index.php/en/products2/series-vcc/standard-version/vcc-1212-25
+The boost converter is needed to provide the necessary 14.4V charge voltage needed by the AGM battery to reach its maximum capacity.
+==== Batteries ====
+Winner Protheus AGM 270Ah - Thanks to Nep for the Donation :)
+==== On-Grid ====
+  * Smart Grid Controller Module (SGC)
+  * Votronic PB 1240 SMT 3B charge controller
 The bulk of onboard systems is modularized into several units which reside in a half 19" 3HE rack, using common DIN-EN/IEC 60603-2C connectors for in system power and signal distribution.
@@ Line 40: / Line 163: @@
 To reduce fuel consumption, all subsystems are powered by the secondary battery in order to minimize the power demand of the alternator on the primary engine.
+===== Modules =====
 ==== Power Distribution Unit (PDU)====
@@ Line 48: / Line 174: @@
 The purpose of the SKU is to monitor, analyze and control all of Odyssey's subsystems as well as to provide basic system features (i.e. GPS, Time, Networking, System-Watchdogs). It will also monitor and record habitual & mobile environmental (external/internal) sensor data, develop power consumption profiles to recommend either a change in power usage behaviour or a change in power harvesting methods to maximize efficiency.
 Read more on the [[mission:tech:odyssey:sku]] page.
 ==== Main Computing Unit (MCU) ====
@@ Line 118: / Line 245: @@
-===== Energy =====
-==== Off-Grid ====
-Apollo-NG is designed to operate fully autonomous and self-sustainable in its function as a Hackerspace and also as habitat for crew and joining hackers. Each module (CM/LM) must be able to sustain and support itself and both modules are designed to share and work together when combined to increase efficiency and redundancy.
-In order to reduce the risk of power unavailability and to inspire research on different energy conversion techniques it seemed reasonable to diversify:
-  * Base-level energy support is covered by solar-panels (PV), since they are always ready to operate, as long as the sun is shining.
-  * Using [[lab:helios]] to provide additional power by burning available biomass
-  * Using TEG's on the vehicles exhaust system for solid-state heat->electrical conversion
-Rational thinking will ultimately come to the conclusion, that increasing efficiency and diversity is not going to be enough to keep a fully self-sustainable and autonomous state. Therefore, all power consuming use cases and their underlying technology, have to be constantly monitored by the SKU and optimized to fit into the conservative power budget of 50W maximum consumption for 10 hours per day (500Wh/day).
-Modern technology like LED's, embedded SoC devices and highly efficient switch-mode power supplies make this possible and have been developed/tested for the last 12 month.
-=== Solar (Photo-Voltaic) ===
-== Modules ==
-| Nominal Peak Power | 110 Wp | 330 Wp |
-| Short-circuit current| 6.1 A | 18.3 A |
-| Idle-Voltage | 22 V | 22 V |
-| Cells | 36 Mono | 108 Mono |
-| Cell-Size | 13x13 cm | 140.4x140.4 cm|
-| Panel-Size | 125x55x3.3 cm | 125x165x3.3 cm |
-| Weight | 8.3KG | 24.9KG |
-<note tip>The panel's surface is a little bit larger than the actual cell surface. The following calculations were based on a combined photo-active area of 1404x1404mm, by measuring and multiplying the size of a single cell.
-</note>
-<x 14>1404*1404 = 1.971m²</x>
-Assuming a maximum of 800W of energy per m<sup>2</sup> delivered by the sun on the planet's surface, the Odyssey's available combined photo-active roof surface (1.971m²) can theoretically receive a maximum of 1577W<sub>p</sub> (Watt Peak), in peak sunlight:
-<x 14>1.971*800=1577Wp</x>
-In peak sunlight, the Odyssey will receive about 1.5 kW of solar energy on all cells. The conversion efficiency for these modules is rated at 20% by the manufacturer. Knowing that, it's possible to calculate the maximum amount of power the Odyssey can harvest with her finite roof-space at 20% module efficiency. Of course, the cell efficiency will be slightly higher:
-<x 14>1.971*800*0.2 = 315Wp</x>
-Now for the sake of going through it, lets further assume a luxuriously sunny, clear-sky day and the opportunity to harvest 4 hours at maximum peak output, the solar power-budget will accumulate about 1260Wh (95Ah).
-<x 14>315W * 4h = 1260Wh \approx 95Ah</x>
-Although the panels will not stop converting energy after the peak four hours, the current will probably drop soon enough. As of now there is no data to conclude anything.
-== Votronic MPP 420 Duo charge controller ==
-=== Biomass ===
-Real-World prototyping and testing of [[lab:helios]]
-=== Excess Heat ===
-A good way to harvest additional power to charge the battery would be to add TEG's to Odysseys's primary engine exhaust system, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of burning fuel without the need to burn even more fuel in contrast to harvesting power from the alternator.
-=== Alternator ===
-In emergency situations or other irregular energy shortages a boost converter can charge the battery by harvesting power from the Odysseys's alternator. As this will increase the fuel consumption of the vehicle, it's only going to be used when absolutely necessary, i.e. when the battery is empty and the Odyssey is moving at night (no solar power).
-The SKU will use navigation system data to predict how much driving time is needed to re-charge the battery to be operational on arrival and will then recommend to use the Votronic VCC 1212-25 IU boost converter to charge the battery, trying to balance the increased cost of fuel consumption.
-The boost converter is needed to provide the necessary 14.4V charge voltage needed by the AGM battery to reach its maximum capacity.
-=== Batteries ===
-AGM 270Ah
-==== On-Grid ====
-  * Smart Grid Controller Module (SGC)
-  * Votronic PB 1240 SMT 3B charge controller
-~~UP~~
-{{tag>odyssey sku mcu pdu energy cm solar}}
+{{tag>odyssey sku mcu pdu energy cm solar video hsc}}
-{{keywords>Apollo-NG apollo next generation hackerspace hacker space development makerspace fablab diy community open-resource open resource mobile hackbus odyssey sku mcu pdu energy cm solar}}
+{{keywords>Apollo-NG apollo next generation hackerspace hacker space research development makerspace fablab diy community open-resource open resource mobile hackbus odyssey sku mcu pdu energy cm solar hackerspacecraft}}

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